TOPIC 2: LISTENING FOR INFORMATION Objectives By the end of this chapter you will be able to: 1. Respond appropriately to instruction. 2. Give effective and sensible instructions. 3. Listening to main ideas and taking notes 4. Make summaries 5. Write down what you hear correctly LISTENING TO INSTRUCTIONS Skills on listening to instructions will help you to understand exactly what you are supposed to do either in examination or in other daily activities. Failure to understand exactly what the instructions need you to do may even result into death suppose you see a sign which…
Author: Msomi Bora
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TOPIC 1: EXPRESSING ONESELF Objectives: By the end of this chapter you should be able to. 1. Express your feelings, ideas, opinions, views and emotions comfortably. 2. Defend your position in an argument. People feel differently because of various reasons. For example, if one has lost his/her parent, he will feel very grieved (sad); but if one has won a lottery, he will feel excited and happy. Note: 1. When you say: “I feel or I am ……………………………… (Followed by and adjective like: happy, said, embarrassed, overjoyed, etc) you are expressing a feeling. For example: 2. If “I feel” is…
TOPIC 6: WRITING FORMAL LETTERS Formal letters are used un business, transaction letters, letters to news paper, order letters, application letters and request letter just to mention a few. Principles of Writing Formal Letters 1. Follow the prescribed format of writing formal or official letters. 2. Use simple language to enhance understanding of the message. 3. Avoid informal language and slang. 4. Avoid vague or emotional words that may provoke or make an addressee angry. 5. Be polite and show respect to the addressee. 6. Describe the purpose objectively. 7. Provide all necessary information precisely. Be direct to the point…
TOPIC 5: WRITING USING APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE CONTENT AND STYLE The Meaning of Composition This topic deals with compositions that engage pupils/students in writing using appropriate language, content and style. Composition refers to a short text that is written at school, college, etc. as part of exercise. In composition a student/pupil generates his/her own ideas to explain, narrate, argue/persuade or describe something or event. Composition involves writing of essays, poems, stories, songs, and letters. Types of Composition There are various types of compositions, they include: a) Narrative compositions. b) Expository compositions c) Descriptive compositions. d) Argumentative or Persuasive compositions. A) NARRATIVE…
TOPIC 4: READING LITERARY WORKS >> Literature Analysis for Ordinary Level, click here Literature is the work of arts which use words or creative language to express human realities in social, political, economical, cultural and love. Or, Literature is the work of art which use language and transmitted in spoken and written form. Types of Literature There are two types of literature, namely a) Spoken or Oral literature b) Written literature Spoken or Oral Literature Is the literature which represented/expressed through oral or spoken form. Written Literature Is the literature presented / expressed in written form. There…
TOPIC 3: READING FOR INFORMATION FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES Reading information from different sources involves two types of reading which are extensive and intensive reading. Intensive reading involves reading tasks, passages and information carefully with the aim of gaining knowledge from the information in the text. Read the introduction: Many introductions contain valuable insights into the author’s life and his writing, both of which can enrich your understanding and appreciation of the work. It will often provide background knowledge on the novel. Read carefully: This is no time for speed reading or skimming! A careful reading may seem slower, but you will…
TOPIC 2: USING APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE CONTEXT AND STYLE IN SPEAKING Language is a system of symbols that permit people to communicate or interact. Symbols can include vocal and written forms, gestures and body language. Language may be described in terms of four basics language skills; listening, speaking, reading as well as writing. People generally learn these four skills from stage to stage, main focus in this topic will be in writing as well as speaking. Writing refers to process of reproducing symbols on paper to create words with meaning. DEBATE A debate is a formal discussion during which people take sides to…
TOPIC 1: LISTENING FOR INFORMATION FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES Here the student should be able to give specific information, reproduce in writing what is heard. To give general opinion about a text he/she has read and give a general theme/idea /meaning of a text heard. The student should do that by reading the text based on a variety of issues including challenges facing the youth in relation to HIV/AIDS, form of child labour and effect of drug abuse in society Affect reading the text, the student should be able to respond to different questions about the text he/she has read. And also…
TOPIC 10: WRITING CARDS AND MESSAGES Cards are written pieces of information we send to our parents, relatives or friends. Cards contain information we us to send to our parents, relatives and friends. Cards are intended to invite people to parties or functions, send greetings, and convey strong feelings. Cards and messages are a means of communication which use paper and mobile phones to transfer information to a certain person. They help us to invite our friends or relatives to parties or any other social functions. Cards are also used for giving information about a variety of events like deaths,…
TOPIC 9: INTERPRETING LITERARY WORKS Reading is something most of us practice daily; we read newspapers, magazine, novels and textbooks. However, reading a newspaper differs from reading literature. For one thing, the purpose for reading each one is different, and, therefore, the method must vary. Reading literature is usually required for your English learning. Although you may feel that reading is the simple task of picking up your book and going through it from cover to cover, there are certain hints that will make reading easier, more understandable, and, in the long run, less time-consuming and more enjoyable. Literature is…