Author: Msomi Bora

TOPIC 4: UHAKIKI WA KAZI ZA FASIHI ANDISHI Fasihi andishi ni tawi la fasihi linalotumia sanaa ya maneno kufikisha ujumbe kwa hadhira kwa njia ya maandishi. Zipo aina nyingi za fasihi andishi, miongoni mwa hizo ni pamoja na hadithi fupi, riwaya, tamthiliya na mashairi. Maana ya Uhakiki Uhakiki ni kitendo cha kutathimini, kueleza, kuainisha na kutoa maoni juu ya kazi fulani ya fasihi kwa kuongozwa na kaida maalum. Hii ina maana kwamba uhakiki wa kazi za fasihi hautoki katika ombwe, kuna kanuni na taratibu mbalimbali zinazoongoza kufanya uhakiki, na hii ndio sababu kuna nadharia kadha wa kadha za uhakiki wa…

TOPIC 3: MAENDELEO YA KISWAHILI ASILI YA KISWAHILI Neno asili ni jinsi kitu au jambo lilivyotokea au lilivyoanza. Kutokana na fasili hii tunaona kwamba jambo au kitu kinaweza kutokea kibahati kama ilivyo katika lugha au linaweza kuanzishwa. Hivyo basi asili ya lugha ya Kiswahili bado ni mjadala mrefu ambapo wataalamu mbalimbali wanahitilafiana juu ya asili au chimbuko la lugha ya kiswahili. Wapo wanaokinasibisha kiswahili na kiarabu kwa kutumia kigezo cha msamiati na dini ya kiislamu. Wengine wanashikilia msimamo kuwa kiswahili ni kibantu kwa kutumia hoja za kiisimu na kihistoria. Wapo wanaokinasibisha kiswahili na uchotara baadhi yao wanaoshikilia msimamo huu ni…

TOPIC 2: MJENGO WA TUNGO Maana ya Tungo Tungo ni kipashio cha kisarufi kilichoundwa kwa kuunganisha pamoja vipashio vidogovidogo vilivyo chini yake. Au tungo ni neno au kikundi cha maneno ambacho hudokeza taarifa fulani ambayo huweza kuwa kamili au isiyo kamili. Kwa maana hii, tungo hujengwa na vipashio vidogovidogo kama vile mofimu kuunda neno, neno kuunda kirai, kirai kunda kishazi na kishazi kuunda sentensi. Kama tulivyokwisha kuona hapo juu tungo huanzia neno; rejea aina za tungo. AINA ZA TUNGO Tungo neno: Tungo neno ni tungo ambayo huundwa na vipashio vidogo zaidi ya neno ambayo ni mofimu au fonimu. Mfano; anacheza, kakimbia.…

TOPIC 1: NGELI ZA MANENO Upatanishi wa Kisarufi katika Sentensi Ngeli ni vikundi vya majina ya Kiswahili. Ngeli za nomino ni utaratibu unaotumika kuweka nomino katika matabaka au makundi yanayofanana. Mfano: 1. Maji yakimwagika hayazoleki 2. Mayai yaliyooza yananuka sana 3. Yai lililooza linanuka sana 4. Maji liliomwagika halizoleki Katika mifano hii tunaona kwamba sentensi a, b na c ziko sahihi wakati sentensi d sio sahihi, hii ni kwa sababu imekiuka upatanisho wa kisarufi. Kwa maana hiyo sentensi ‘a’ ipo katika ngeli ya YA-YA na senthensi b na c zipo katika ngeli ya LI-YA. Sentesi d sio sahihi kwa sababu…

GEOGRAPHY BOOKS AND NOTES FOR UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE Click the links below to view and download the books and notes: PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY RESEARCH

GEOGRAPHY BOOKS FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS Books for both Ordinary and Advanced Level ORDINARY LEVEL Click the links below to view the books: Summary Book (Form 1 – 4) Form Three Physical Geography ADVANCED LEVEL Click the links below to view the books: Form Five Form Six Physical Geography

 GEOGRAPHY NOTES FOR SECONDARY STUDENTSClick the links below to view the notes:FORM ONE FORM TWOFORM THREEFORM FOURFORM FIVE FORM SIX UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE

WIND PROCESSES Erosional and Depositional Features (2 Books) BOOK 1 BOOK 2

  PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY   Click the links to view the notes:   ISOSTACY THEORY   CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY   PLATE TECTONIC THEORY   STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH   INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES   RIVER   WAVES   WIND   GLACIATION   BOOKS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

TOPIC 1: STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Meaning of Earth – Earth is the planet on which we live, the world – Earth is the planet third in order from the sun, having an equatorial diameter of 7926 miles (12,755 km) and a polar diameter of 7900 miles (12,714 km), a mean distance from the sun of 92.9 million miles (149.6 million km), and a period of revolution of 365.26 days, and having one satellite. – The earth is the land surface on which we live and move about. Earth Structure of Earth – The shape of the earth is an oblate spheroid, because it…