Author: Msomi Bora

TOPIC 8: ACCOUNTS Double Entry The Meaning of Double Entry Explain the meaning of double entry Businesses need to keep records of their transactions. The process of keeping record is called bookkeeping. The simplest form of bookkeeping is single entry. Every transaction is recorded once. This is unreliable because: If an arithmetic mistake is made, it is very difficult to find and correct it If a transaction is omitted, it is difficult to find it Now, a more reliable method of bookkeeping is double entry. Different Types of Ledger Explain different types of ledger Businesses record their accounts in books called ledgers.…

TOPIC 7: THE EARTH AS A SPHERE Features and Location of Places The Equator, Great Circle, Small Circles, Meridian, Latitudes and Longitudes Describe the equator, great circle, small circles, meridian, latitudes and longitudes Definition of latitude and longitude The Earth is not a perfect sphere, as it is slightly flatter at the north and south poles than at the equator. But for most purposes we assume that it is a sphere. The position of any point on earth is located by circles round the earth, as follows: The earth rotates about its axis, which stretches from the north to the…

TOPIC 5: SEQUENCE AND SERIES Sequences The Concept of Sequence Explain the concept of sequence A Sequence is the arrangement of numbers or is a list of numbers following a clear pattern such that one number and the next are separated by comma (,). Example: a1, a2, a3, a4 …………………….. NB: Each number found in a Series or Sequence is called a term. Example 1 Find the next three terms in the following sequences. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17,……………………………… 3, 7, 6, 10, 9, ………………………………… 1, 2, 4, 7, ……………………………………… 2, 9, 20, 35, ………………………………… Solution: (a)You can see that each term…

TOPIC 4: RATES AND VARIATIONS Rates A rate is found by dividing one quantity by another. Rates of Quantities of Different Kinds Relate rates of quantities of different kinds For example a rate of pay consists of the money paid divided by the time worked. If a man receives 1,000 shilling for two hours work, his rate of pay 1000 ÷ 2 = 500 shillings per hour. From the above example, we find out that Example 1 1. A man is paid 6,000/= for 8 hours work. What is his rate of pay? At this rate, how much would he…

TOPIC 2: FUNCTIONS Normally relation deals with matching of elements from the first set called DOMAIN with the element of the second set called RANGE. Definitions: A function is a relation with a property that for each element in the domain there is only one corresponding element in the range or co- domain Therefore functions are relations but not all relations are functions Representation of a Function The Concept of a Functions Pictorially Explain the concept of a functions pictorially Example 1 Which of the following relation are functions? Solution It is not a function since 3 and 6 remain…

TOPIC 1: RELATIONS Normally relation deals with matching of elements from the first set called DOMAIN with the element of the second set called RANGE. Relations A relation “R” is the rule that connects or links the elements of one set with the elements of the other set. Some examples of relations are listed below. “Is a brother of ” “Is a sister of ” “Is a husband of ” “Is equal to ” “Is greater than ” “Is less than ” Normally relations between two sets are indicated by an arrow coming from one element of the first set…

TOPIC 11: STATISTICS Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation and organization of data. Statistics helps to present information using picture or illustration. Illustration may be in the form of tables, diagrams, charts or graphs. Statistics helps to present information using picture or illustration. Illustration may be in the form of tables, diagrams, charts or graphs. Pictograms Information by Pictograms Display Information by pictograms This is a way of showing information using images. Each image stands for a certain number of things. Interpretation of Pictograms Interpret pictograms For example here is a pictograph showing how many apples…

TOPIC 10: SETS Forget everything you know about number and forget that you even know what a number is. This is where mathematics starts. Instead of mathematics with numbers we will think about mathematics with things. The word set means collection of related things or objects. Or, things grouped together with a certain property in common. For example, the items you wear: shoes, socks, hat, shirt, pants and so on. This is called a set. A set notation is simple, we just list each element or member (element and member are the same thing), separated by comma, and then put…

TOPIC 9: TRIGONOMETRY Do you want to learn the relationships involving lengths and Angles of right-angled triangle? Here, is where you can learn. Trigonometric Rations Trigonometry is all about Triangles. In this chapter we are going to deal with Right Angled Triangle. Consider the Right Angled triangle below: The sides are given names according to their properties relating to the Angle . Adjacent side is adjacent (next to) to the Angle Opposite side is opposite the Angle Hypotenuse side is the longest side Sine, Cosine and Tangent of an Angle using a Right Angled Triangle Define sine, cosine and tangent of an angle using…

TOPIC 8: PYTHAGORAS THEOREM Triangle with a Right angle i.e. 90° has an amazing property. Do you want to know what property is that? Go on, read our notes to see the amazing property of a right angled triangle. Pythagoras Theorem deals only with problems involving any Triangle having one of its Angles with 900. This kind of a Triangle is called Right angled triangle. When triangle is a right angled triangle, squares can be made on each of the three sides. See illustration below: The Area of the biggest square is exact the same as the sum of the…