Author: Msomi Bora

TOPIC 2: AREA AND PERIMETER Area of any Triangle The Formula for the Area of any Triangle Derive the formula for the area of any triangle Area of triangle is given by½bh, whereby b is the base of the triangle and h is the height of the given triangle. Consider the illustrations below: From the figure above, we see where the base and height are located. Applying the Formula to find the Area of any Triangle Apply the formula to find the area of any triangle Example 1 The base of a triangle is 12cm long. If the corresponding height…

TOPIC 1: COORDINATE GEOMETRY Equation of a Line The General Equation of a Straight Line Derive the general equation of a straight line COORDINATES OF A POINT •The coordinates of a points – are the values of x and y enclosed by the brackets which are used to describe the position of point in a line in the plane. The plane is called xy-plane and it has two axis. horizontal axis known as axis and vertical axis known as axis Consider the xy-plane below The coordinates of points A, B, C ,D and E are A(2, 3), B(4, 4), C(-3, -1), D(2, -4) and E(1,…

TOPIC 8: ACCOUNTS Double Entry The Meaning of Double Entry Explain the meaning of double entry Businesses need to keep records of their transactions. The process of keeping record is called bookkeeping. The simplest form of bookkeeping is single entry. Every transaction is recorded once. This is unreliable because: If an arithmetic mistake is made, it is very difficult to find and correct it If a transaction is omitted, it is difficult to find it Now, a more reliable method of bookkeeping is double entry. Different Types of Ledger Explain different types of ledger Businesses record their accounts in books called ledgers.…

TOPIC 7: THE EARTH AS A SPHERE Features and Location of Places The Equator, Great Circle, Small Circles, Meridian, Latitudes and Longitudes Describe the equator, great circle, small circles, meridian, latitudes and longitudes Definition of latitude and longitude The Earth is not a perfect sphere, as it is slightly flatter at the north and south poles than at the equator. But for most purposes we assume that it is a sphere. The position of any point on earth is located by circles round the earth, as follows: The earth rotates about its axis, which stretches from the north to the…

TOPIC 5: SEQUENCE AND SERIES Sequences The Concept of Sequence Explain the concept of sequence A Sequence is the arrangement of numbers or is a list of numbers following a clear pattern such that one number and the next are separated by comma (,). Example: a1, a2, a3, a4 …………………….. NB: Each number found in a Series or Sequence is called a term. Example 1 Find the next three terms in the following sequences. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17,……………………………… 3, 7, 6, 10, 9, ………………………………… 1, 2, 4, 7, ……………………………………… 2, 9, 20, 35, ………………………………… Solution: (a)You can see that each term…

TOPIC 4: RATES AND VARIATIONS Rates A rate is found by dividing one quantity by another. Rates of Quantities of Different Kinds Relate rates of quantities of different kinds For example a rate of pay consists of the money paid divided by the time worked. If a man receives 1,000 shilling for two hours work, his rate of pay 1000 ÷ 2 = 500 shillings per hour. From the above example, we find out that Example 1 1. A man is paid 6,000/= for 8 hours work. What is his rate of pay? At this rate, how much would he…

TOPIC 2: FUNCTIONS Normally relation deals with matching of elements from the first set called DOMAIN with the element of the second set called RANGE. Definitions: A function is a relation with a property that for each element in the domain there is only one corresponding element in the range or co- domain Therefore functions are relations but not all relations are functions Representation of a Function The Concept of a Functions Pictorially Explain the concept of a functions pictorially Example 1 Which of the following relation are functions? Solution It is not a function since 3 and 6 remain…

TOPIC 1: RELATIONS Normally relation deals with matching of elements from the first set called DOMAIN with the element of the second set called RANGE. Relations A relation “R” is the rule that connects or links the elements of one set with the elements of the other set. Some examples of relations are listed below. “Is a brother of ” “Is a sister of ” “Is a husband of ” “Is equal to ” “Is greater than ” “Is less than ” Normally relations between two sets are indicated by an arrow coming from one element of the first set…

TOPIC 11: STATISTICS Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation and organization of data. Statistics helps to present information using picture or illustration. Illustration may be in the form of tables, diagrams, charts or graphs. Statistics helps to present information using picture or illustration. Illustration may be in the form of tables, diagrams, charts or graphs. Pictograms Information by Pictograms Display Information by pictograms This is a way of showing information using images. Each image stands for a certain number of things. Interpretation of Pictograms Interpret pictograms For example here is a pictograph showing how many apples…

TOPIC 10: SETS Forget everything you know about number and forget that you even know what a number is. This is where mathematics starts. Instead of mathematics with numbers we will think about mathematics with things. The word set means collection of related things or objects. Or, things grouped together with a certain property in common. For example, the items you wear: shoes, socks, hat, shirt, pants and so on. This is called a set. A set notation is simple, we just list each element or member (element and member are the same thing), separated by comma, and then put…