Lamaiti – Mitihani ya Darasa la Nne | Midterm – March 2026 | Download Solved Exams
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They are those in which the brain expects visual, auditory and tactile stimuli that are constantly present in the environment and adapts itself to them. In early childhood there are sensitive periods relating to sensory and motor development and skills we are conditioned to develop by evolution, such as spoken language. Any normally stimulating human environment enables children to develop these abilities. However, other forms of learning, which are “experience dependent”, rather than “experience expectant”, and which include culturally transmitted knowledge systems, occur only when the need arises for them. They do not seem to be related to particular periods when the brain is especially ready to create many synapses.
Indeed, counterintuitively, as humans develop, there is a pruning of synaptic connections between neurons and a development of insulation of axons which makes the delivery of their electrical charges more efficient. The implication seems to be that much educational learning occurs not when the brain is physically growing at its fastest rate but when it is using existing neuron connections more efficiently than in early childhood. However, neuroscience has established that “plasticity”, the brain’s ability to change and reform synaptic connections as a result of learning or in response to environmental changes, is particularly apparent in early childhood but not confined to it. We can continue to learn new things at every stage of life.