Arusha – Mitihani ya Darasa la Sita | Terminal 2026 | Download All Subjects
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Explicit demonstration and modelling of learning processes is an important means of developing metacognition, awareness on the learners’ part of how (s)he goes about learning. This is important because it broadens significantly the concept of “meaningful learning” to include understanding of the process as well as of the content. It is important also in the light of Pask’s argument, referred to above, that there is often a need to expand learners’ strategies. Awareness of the range of relevant learning processes related to a topic or task is clearly a significant step towards such development.
All of these characteristics of effective social constructivist pedagogy emphasise the crucial importance of the teachers as leader, organiser and explainer of all kinds of learning activities and as stimulator of and respondent to learners’ thinking. There are indications in research that the professionalism of individual teachers in expecting and promoting thinking in all aspects of the curriculum and of learning is more critical than specially structured “thinking programmes” (Thinking skills approaches to effective teaching and learning: what is the evidence for impact on learners? EPPI research review 2004).
Many aspects of Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) policy in recent years suggest that, while cultural legacy and personal understanding of what is studied remain important, there have been significant moves towards the broader idea that education should be a process of becoming a person – for all young people. This process includes learning about the things that society feels a need to “pass on” as valuable and building one’s own understanding of key aspects of culture in the process.