Form Five – TOPIC 8 – Mchango wa Ukoloni katika Mfumo wa Maadili ya Kitanzania
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The enforcement of German overlordship was strongly resisted, but control was established by the beginning of the 20th century. Almost at once came a reaction to German methods of administration, the outbreak of the Maji Maji uprising in 1905. Although there was little organization behind it, the uprising spread over a considerable portion of southeastern Tanganyika and was not finally suppressed until 1907. It led to a reappraisal of German policy in East Africa. The imperial government had attempted to protect African land rights in 1895 but had failed in its objective in the Kilimanjaro area. Similarly, liberal labour legislation had not been properly implemented.
Tanganyika was colonized first by Germans (1880s until 1919) then the British (1919 to 1961). It served as a military outpost during World War II and provided financial help as well as munitions. Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere became Prime Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960, and continued as Prime Minister when Tanganyika became independent in 1961. He went on to become the first president of Tanzania, after the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on April 26, 1964. Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere introduced African socialism or Ujamaa, which emphasized justice and equality.
The history of the human communities in the lands that came to make up Tanzania is much longer than the history of the country formed by colonial rule in the 1890s. Tanzania is part of the cradle of humanity that stretches from Ethiopia to South Africa. The ancestors of modern humans evolved in this broad swatch of eastern Africa at least 2 million years ago. Some of the earliest evidence for tool making by human ancestors comes from Olduvai [Oldupai] Gorge in northern Tanzania. Modern humans, homo sapiens sapiens, evolved in the same area about 200,000 years ago and began…
In the previous chapter we discussed the development of different types of means of subsistence, based on both the continuing expansion of new technologies such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and metal working. Communities specialised in foraging, keeping domestic livestock, and agriculture primarily based on the particular environments in which they lived. This chapter explores the development of socio-political orgnisations in Tanzania. The first section provides a general account of different types of socio-political organisations while the second section provides details, for different parts of the country, of specific sociopolitical organisations that developed in the pre-colonial period. We argue that the…