GEOGRAPHY NOTES FOR FORM ONE - ALL TOPICS

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GEOGRAPHY NOTES FOR FORM ONE

We have:

Notes A and Notes B

Notes A

To view the Notes for Form One, click the following links below: 

TOPIC 1 - CONCEPT OF GEOGRAPHY

TOPIC 2 - THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 3 - MAJOR FEATURES OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE

TOPIC 4 - WEATHER

TOPIC 5 - CLIMATE

TOPIC 6 - MAP WORK

Notes B

To view the Notes for Form One, click the following links below:

1. THE CONCEPT OF GEOGRAPHY

2. THE SOLAR SYSTEM

3. MAJOR FEATURES OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE

4. WEATHER AND CLIMATE

5. MAP WORK

AMAZING GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES IN AFRICA - PART 1

 

1. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

At 19,341 feet (5,895 meters) above sea level, Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant volcano, is Africa’s highest mountain and the highest free-standing mountain in the world. The name ‘Kilimanjaro’ means ‘The Mountain of God’. But to many, the mountain is simply referred to as “Kili.” Kilimanjaro actually comprises three summits – Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Kibo is the one that gets all the photographic attention and forms the iconic backdrop to many photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro National Park.

Its gentle slopes mean that people can hike to the top. However, the lack of difficult climbing does not change the effects of rapid altitude changes, and it is common to develop altitude sickness while hiking to the top. From the base to the summit, Kilimanjaro contains many vegetation zones, and a variety of plants and animals can be seen which inhabit the zones.

 

2. Table Mountain, South Africa

Table Mountain, Afrikaans Tafelberg, flat-topped mountain in southwestern South Africa, overlooking Cape Town and Table Bay and dominating the northern end of the high, rocky Cape Peninsula. Its tabular shape results from nearly horizontal layers of sandstone exposed by vigorous wind and water erosion. The distinctive-looking mountain is one of Cape Town’s most recognized landmarks and is a popular tourist attraction that offers hiking, camping, and other activities.

 

3. Victoria Falls

This spectacular Southern African waterfall, considered to be among the greatest in the world, is located along the Zambezi River and straddles the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The awe-inspiring nature of the waterfall is in part due to its enormous width—more than 5,500 feet (1,700 meters). The waters plunge as far as some 355 feet (108 meters) down and drop not into an open basin but into a dramatic-looking chasm. Victoria Falls is known for its veil of mist visible from miles away; the name given to the falls by an indigenous group is Mosi-oa-Tunya (“The Smoke That Thunders”). Victoria Falls and the adjoining areas were collectively designated a World Heritage site in 1989.

 

 

BENEFITS OF PLANTING TREES - PART 1

 

1. The environment

Trees help to combat global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide, removing and storing carbon while releasing oxygen back into the air.

They also reduce wind speeds and cool the air as they lose moisture and reflect heat upwards from their leaves. It’s estimated that trees can reduce the temperature in a city by up to 7°C.

Other environmental benefits include the fact they help to prevent flooding and soil erosion, by absorbing thousands of litres of stormwater.

 

2. Carbon sequestration

Climate change is one of the most pressing global issues, and reforestation plays a crucial role in mitigating it. Trees are champions in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis—that’s why forests are called carbon sinks. By planting trees and restoring forests, we can effectively sequester carbon, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As trees mature, they continue to store carbon, making reforestation an impactful strategy in combating climate impacts.

Trees have an incredible capacity to absorb CO2. On average, a single mature tree can absorb around 21 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year. Forest restoration projects, spanning vast areas, can collectively sequester millions of tonnes of carbon annually, contributing significantly to climate change mitigation.

3. Community & Social Value

Trees are an important part of every community. Our streets, parks, playgrounds and backyards are lined with trees that create a peaceful, aesthetically pleasing environment. Trees increase our quality of life by bringing natural elements and wildlife habitats into urban settings. We gather under the cool shade they provide during outdoor activities with family and friends. Many neighbourhoods are also the home of very old trees that serve as historic landmarks and a great source of town pride.

Using trees in cities to deflect the sunlight reduces the heat island effect caused by pavement and commercial building

 

4. Reducing Climate Change

If people are good at something, then it is building up excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Harmful CO2 contributes to climate change, the biggest current problem the world has to deal with. Trees, however, help fight it. They absorb CO2 removing it from the air and storing it while releasing oxygen. Annually, an acre of trees absorbs the amount of carbon dioxide equal to driving your car 26 000 miles. Trees are our main survival tools; only one tree can produce enough oxygen for four people.