GEOGRAPHY NOTES FOR FORM FOUR - ALL TOPICS

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GEOGRAPHY NOTES FOR FORM FOUR

We have:

Notes A and Notes B

Notes A

To view the Notes for Form Four, click the following links below: 

TOPIC 1 - INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

TOPIC 2 - CLIMATE AND NATURAL REGIONS

TOPIC 3 - HUMAN POPULATION

TOPIC 4 - SETTLEMENT

TOPIC 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT

Notes B

To view the Notes for Form Four, click the following links below:

1. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

2. CLIMATE AND NATURAL CLIMATE REGIONS

3. HUMAN POPULATION

4. SETTLEMENTS

5. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT

AMAZING GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES IN AFRICA - PART 4

 

10. Congo River

Coursing through the heart of Africa, the Congo is the continent’s second longest river, after the Nile. It is contained primarily in, or marks the border of, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The river is approximately 2,900 miles (4,700 km) long and, with its many tributaries, forms the largest network of navigable waterways in Africa; this is in spite of the difficulty in navigating the lower course of the river, which has 32 cataracts (waterfalls). The Congo River is home to hundreds of species of fish, many of which are endemic to the river. There are few aquatic mammals in the river, but various types of reptiles, such as crocodiles, semiaquatic tortoises, and water snakes, reside there.

 

11. Serengeti National Park

The Serengeti Plain, located in north-central Tanzania, (Africa) is world renowned as an ideal location for wildlife and nature photography. Much of the beauty is attributed to its sweeping vistas and dramatic natural features that extend over 60,000 square kilometers. The Serengeti has more than 2 million herbivores and thousands of predators. Blue Wildebeests, gazelles, zebras and buffalos are the animals most commonly found in the region.

A significant portion of the Serengeti Plain is protected and preserved from the ravages of modern society in the Serengeti National Park. This park, which extends for roughly 12,950 square kilometers, contains a diverse selection of habitats and wildlife. For the sake of comparison, the Serengeti National Park is approximately the size of Northern Ireland. The Serengeti National Park is bordered by Lake Victoria in the west, Lake Eyasi in the south, and the Great Rift Valley to the east.

 

12. Sahara Desert

The Sahara is the world’s largest hot desert and the third largest desert overall, surpassed only by the cold deserts of Antarctica and the Arctic. It spans an expansive area of over 9 million square kilometers (approximately 3,500,000 square miles), roughly equivalent to the size of the United States or China. The Sahara extends across 11 North African countries and covers more than 30% of the African continent.

Recognized as one of the world’s hottest deserts and one of the most extreme environments on Earth, the Sahara has an average annual temperature of about 30°C (86°F), with some areas experiencing extremes of above 50°C (122°F). The region is characterized by low rainfall, with half of the Sahara receiving less than one inch (2.5 cm) of rain annually.

 

BENEFITS OF PLANTING TREES - PART 4

 

13. Our communities

Trees can bring people together. They can act as a landmark within a neighbourhood and encourage pride amongst people within that community. Trees and woodland areas can be used to bring people together for educational purposes. They also allow for activities such as walking or birdwatching. In addition, they give children somewhere to play in and feel a sense of adventure.

 

14. Soil protection and restoration

Healthy soil is the foundation for sustainable agriculture and thriving ecosystems. Reforestation helps protect and restore soil health by preventing erosion and improving its structure. The extensive root systems of trees bind the soil, reducing the risk of landslides and soil degradation.

As trees shed leaves and organic matter, they enrich the soil with nutrients, promoting fertility and supporting plant growth. Moreover, tree canopies shield the ground from heavy rainfall and harsh weather.

 

15. Property Value & Economic Value

Individual trees and shrubs have value and contribute to savings, but it is the collective influence of a well-maintained landscape that makes a real economic impact and has the greatest effect on property value. Direct economic benefits come from a savings in energy costs. Cooling costs are reduced in a tree-shaded home, and heating costs lowered when a tree serves as a windbreak. According to the USDA Forest Service, “Trees properly placed around buildings can reduce air conditioning needs by 30% and save 20-50 percent in energy used for heating.”

 

16. Natural Air Conditioning

Did you know that strategically placed trees around your home can significantly cut air conditioning needs? Not only will this make your wallet thicker, but it will also reduce carbon dioxide and emissions from power plants. Architects and environmentalists sat together and came up with the great solution – green roofs. Green roofs are an amazing way to incorporate vegetation to your home and provide environmental benefits for your community while saving money on cooling bills.